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Sources & Links — The Corpus's Evidence Shelf

This page is the registry of the most-cited and most load-bearing sources behind the corpus's claims. Sources are grouped by type: primary documents, courts and investigations, institutional data, annual trackers, NGO and legal analysis, and academic scholarship. Every link points to the official publisher or institution (or the Avalon Project's document collection for historical charters) — never to unofficial mirrors. Each entry also carries an archived copy via the Wayback Machine, so the evidence shelf survives link rot. Paywalled or print-only works are listed with their publisher pages or library records; where no legitimate online copy exists, the entry says so plainly rather than guessing a link.

Link check performed 2026-08-04. A handful of institutional sites (UNRWA, IOM DTM, IPC, B'Tselem, knesset.gov.il) serve bot-protection challenges to automated checkers; they load normally in a browser and are noted below.


Primary documents, treaties & resolutions

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Balfour Declaration (1917) Britain's pledge of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine Avalon Project, Yale archive
League of Nations Mandate for Palestine (1922) Full Mandate text, incl. Art. 2 (Jewish national home) and Art. 6 (close settlement) Avalon Project, Yale archive
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916) Anglo-French wartime partition plan for Ottoman lands Avalon Project, Yale archive
Hussein–McMahon Correspondence (1915–16) British wartime pledges to Sharif Hussein; contested scope re: Palestine Jewish Virtual Library archive
San Remo Resolution (1920) Allied assignment of the Palestine Mandate incorporating the Balfour Declaration Jewish Virtual Library archive
Peel Commission Report (1937) First partition proposal; population-transfer discussion; full Cmd. 5479 text UNISPAL PDF archive
British White Paper of 1939 Capped Jewish immigration to Palestine on the eve of the Holocaust Avalon Project, Yale archive
UNSCOP Report, A/364 (1947) UN Special Committee on Palestine findings and partition recommendation UN docs (A/364) archive
UNGA Resolution 181 (1947) Partition plan: Jewish state, Arab state, internationalized Jerusalem Avalon Project, Yale archive
Israel's Declaration of Independence (1948) Founding text of the State of Israel, official Knesset translation Knesset — loads in browser; automated check met a bot-challenge (HTTP 247) archive
UNGA Resolution 194 (1948) Refugee return/compensation clause cited in the refugee debate UN docs (A/RES/194(III)) archive
UNSC Resolution 242 (1967) Land-for-peace formula; text mentions "refugee problem," not Palestinians by name UN docs (S/RES/242) archive
UNSC Resolution 694 (1991) Council condemnation of Israeli deportations — passed while Kuwait's mass expulsion of Palestinians drew no resolution UN docs (S/RES/694) archive
Palestinian National Charter (1968) PLO covenant: armed struggle, denial of Jewish nationhood, pre-1967 aims Avalon Project, Yale archive
Hamas Covenant (1988) Founding charter: destruction of Israel, antisemitic citations (e.g. Art. 7, 32) Avalon Project, Yale archive
Hamas "Document of General Principles" (2017) Revised political document; 1967-lines formula without recognizing Israel; 1988 covenant never rescinded Middle East Eye full text archive
Oslo Declaration of Principles (1993) Israel–PLO mutual recognition framework and interim self-government Avalon Project, Yale archive
Knesset resolution rejecting Palestinian statehood (July 2024) Parliamentary motion opposing a Palestinian state; knesset.gov.il itself is bot-challenged, so linked via contemporaneous report Times of Israel archive
UN Treaty Collection — Genocide Convention depositary page Ratification dates and reservation texts, incl. the 1988 US Article IX reservation and Israel's unreserved 1950 ratification treaties.un.org archive
The Avalon Project (Yale Law School) Document collection used throughout for treaty and charter texts avalon.law.yale.edu archive

Courts & international investigations

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
ICJ — South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention), incl. Order of 26 Jan 2024 Provisional measures; the court did not find genocide but found claims "plausible" enough to proceed ICJ case 192 archive
ICJ Advisory Opinion, 19 July 2024 Legal consequences of Israel's policies and practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory ICJ case 186 archive
ICC arrest warrants announcement (21 Nov 2024) Warrants for Netanyahu, Gallant, and Deif (Situation in the State of Palestine) icc-cpi.int archive
UN SRSG-SVC (Patten) mission report (4 March 2024) "Reasonable grounds" finding of conflict-related sexual violence on 7 Oct 2023 and against hostages Report PDF (un.org) archive
UN OHCHR Human-rights reporting across the region (also used for Iran, Sudan, Niger entries) ohchr.org archive
Shimoda v. The State (Tokyo District Court, 1963) The only judicial ruling on the atomic bombings: illegal under the law of war; damages dismissed; genocide not at issue Weapons Law Encyclopedia archive

Institutional & humanitarian data

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Israeli population, immigration (aliyah), and demographic series cbs.gov.il/en archive
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) Palestinian population and socioeconomic data for the West Bank and Gaza pcbs.gov.ps archive
Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research (PCPSR) Palestinian public-opinion polling (party support, attitudes) cited with poll numbers and dates pcpsr.org archive
UN OCHA oPt Humanitarian situation reports for the occupied Palestinian territory ochaopt.org archive
OCHA oPt casualty data Casualty figures, incl. Gaza Ministry of Health tolls as reported (not independently verified in full) ochaopt.org/data/casualties archive
UNRWA Registered Palestine refugee numbers and the hereditary-registration definition unrwa.org/palestine-refugees — loads in browser; automated check blocked (HTTP 403 bot protection) archive
IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Displacement figures (Sudan, Gaza, regional comparisons) dtm.iom.int — loads in browser; automated check blocked (HTTP 403 bot protection) archive
IPC (Integrated Food Security Phase Classification) Famine and food-insecurity classifications for Gaza and Sudan ipcinfo.org — loads in browser; automated check blocked (HTTP 403 bot protection) archive
UNHCR Refugee Data Finder / Global Trends Global refugee statistics used for cross-conflict comparison unhcr.org/refugee-statistics archive
WHO — oPt emergency page Health-system reporting incl. the 2024 Gaza polio case and vaccination pauses who.int archive
World Bank Open Data GDP, development, and regional comparison indicators data.worldbank.org archive
Pew Research Center — Religion Religious demography and long-run attitude surveys pewresearch.org/religion archive
Freedom House Comparative freedom/democracy scores for regional comparison freedomhouse.org archive
Israel Democracy Institute Israeli public-opinion series (two-state support, social trends) en.idi.org.il archive
ACLED Recorded conflict-fatality data (Sudan, Sahel, regional) acleddata.com archive
Global Terrorism Database (START, Univ. of Maryland) Terrorism incident data underlying attack-count claims start.umd.edu/data-tools/GTD archive
Berman Jewish DataBank — World Jewish Population (DellaPergola) Sergio DellaPergola's annual world Jewish population estimates (also in the American Jewish Year Book, Springer, paywalled) jewishdatabank.org archive
Yad Vashem Holocaust documentation and victim databases yadvashem.org archive
USHMM Holocaust Encyclopedia Holocaust reference entries (events, ghettos, camps) encyclopedia.ushmm.org archive

U.S. federal records — foreign funding of universities

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Dept. of Education — Section 117 foreign gifts portal The federal disclosure dataset behind Document 23: foreign gifts/contracts of $250K+ reported by U.S. universities since 1986 sites.ed.gov/foreigngifts archive
Dept. of Education, Institutional Compliance with Section 117 (Oct. 2020) The enforcement report: ~$6.5B in previously unreported foreign money, confidentiality-clause findings Report PDF (ed.gov) archive
CRS IF12927 — Section 117 of the Higher Education Act Neutral congressional summary of the law, the data (Qatar #1 at ~$8.8B through Feb. 2026), and pending legislation congress.gov archive
DETERRENT Act (H.R. 1048, 119th Congress) Pending bill lowering disclosure thresholds ($50K general; zero for countries of concern) congress.gov archive
JINSA, Higher Influence (June 2026) Analysis of the ~900 pages of Georgetown/Northwestern–Qatar Foundation contracts released by the House Education Committee (advocacy source; contract text primary) jinsa.org archive
Jussim et al., "Foreign funding of U.S. higher education…" (Frontiers in Social Psychology, Nov. 2024) The peer-reviewed correlational study on foreign funding and campus incidents — authors state no causal conclusions Frontiers (open access) archive
Mitchell Bard, "Study doesn't show Arab donations cause antisemitism" (JNS, Nov. 2023) The sharpest published critique of the causation claim — from a pro-Israel analyst (symmetry entry) jns.org archive

U.S. federal records — political money & foreign lobbying

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
52 U.S.C. § 30121 — foreign-national contribution ban The statute barring foreign governments and nationals from any US campaign spending uscode.house.gov archive
DOJ FARA database Foreign-agent registrations and disclosures behind Document 24's country table efile.fara.gov archive
OpenSecrets (FEC data) Campaign-finance compilations: AIPAC/UDP/J Street totals, sector tables, donor rankings, Foreign Lobby Watch opensecrets.org archive
CRS RL33222 — U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel The aid numbers: $3.8B/yr MOU, ~$310B cumulative, post-Oct 7 supplementals, FMF spend-in-US structure congress.gov archive
Quincy Institute — foreign-lobbying research FARA activity analyses: Qatar's access machine, Saudi activity volume, Israel's post-2023 surge (advocacy-adjacent source; FARA data primary) quincyinst.org archive
Ansolabehere, de Figueiredo & Snyder, "Why Is There So Little Money in U.S. Politics?" (2003) The canonical political-science finding that contributions mostly follow, not create, alignment NBER w9409 archive
Gallup — U.S. Middle East sympathies series Five decades of American public opinion on Israel/Palestinians, incl. the 2025–26 crossover news.gallup.com archive
DOJ SDNY — United States v. Menendez The conviction record: a sitting US senator convicted of acting as a foreign agent of Egypt (2024) justice.gov archive

U.S. federal records — foreign aid

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
ForeignAssistance.gov The federal foreign-aid database: obligations and disbursements by country, sector, and year — Document 25's primary dataset foreignassistance.gov archive
CRS IF10183 — Foreign Assistance: An Introduction The neutral congressional overview of the aid system's size, structure, and accounts congress.gov archive
CRS RL33546 — Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations The Jordan MOU, the 2021 Defense Cooperation Agreement's 12-facility US access, aid rationale congress.gov archive
CRS IF12040 — US Security Assistance to Ukraine The drawdown/USAI/FMF architecture and totals — 95% of Ukraine security aid ran on Pentagon accounts congress.gov archive
DoD IG — Ukraine end-use monitoring (DODIG-2024-043 / DODIG-2025-050) The inventory-delinquency finding ($1B overdue paperwork, not missing weapons) and its remediation to 12% dodig.mil archive
GAO-15-666 — Cargo preference and food aid The verified cost of the US-shipping mandate (~23%/$107M over the study window) gao.gov archive
SIGAR — Afghanistan reconstruction final reporting The $26–29B documented-waste ledger of the $146B mission — Document 25's cautionary row sigar.mil archive
State Dept — annual arms-transfer fact sheets The sales-vs-aid calibration: $318–331B/yr in FMS+DCS sales vs ~$6B FMF grants state.gov FY2024 archive
OECD DAC statistics (incl. preliminary 2025 ODA) Donor comparisons: absolute rankings, %GNI, and the record 2025 contraction oecd.org archive
Kiel Institute — Ukraine Support Tracker The independent allocation ledger for all donors; Europe surpassing the US kielinstitut.de archive
AidData — Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset The best independent measure of China's $1.34T lending model (31:1 loans-to-grants) aiddata.org archive
Dreher, Nunnenkamp & Thiele, "Does US aid buy UN General Assembly votes?" (Public Choice, 2008) The peer-reviewed finding that US aid measurably moves UNGA voting compliance Springer (DOI) archive

Food security & malnutrition data

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
IPC — Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (country analyses & Famine Review Committee) The phase classifications and famine determinations behind Document 16's crisis tiers, incl. Gaza Aug 2025 and Sudan ipcinfo.org archive
FAO — State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) Undernourishment (PoU) and FIES food-insecurity series for every country table fao.org SOFI archive
WHO/UNICEF/World Bank — Joint Malnutrition Estimates Child stunting, wasting, and overweight estimates (2025 edition) data.unicef.org/resources/jme archive
Israel MFA/COGAT — rebuttals to the IPC Gaza famine determination The documented counter-position: the MUAC/threshold methodology critique (Aug & Dec 2025) govextra.gov.il PDF archive
Israel National Insurance Institute — food security survey 2024 The official Israeli measure: 27.1% of households food-insecure by the broad economic definition btl.gov.il archive
Latet — Alternative Poverty Report The NGO composite measure (broader than NII's), used with its definition labeled latet.org.il archive
LSHTM/UN — Somalia excess-mortality studies The ~43,000 (2022) and ~71,100 (2022–24) drought-crisis death estimates — famine-averted-still-deadly evidence savethechildren.net summary archive
FEWS NET — Famine Early Warning Systems Network Independent famine analysis (incl. the retracted Dec 2024 Gaza alert — political pressure documented in both directions) fews.net archive
UN OCHA — Financial Tracking Service (FTS) The live donor ledger behind Document 16's Gaza funding table (UAE #1; US absent) fts.unocha.org archive

Gender & rights data

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
WEF — Global Gender Gap Report 2025 The 148-economy gender-gap rankings behind Document 26's scorecard weforum.org archive
World Bank — Women, Business and the Law The legal-rights index (and its implementation pilot — the law-vs-practice tool), incl. Saudi Arabia's record rise wbl.worldbank.org archive
UNDP — Gender Inequality Index (HDR 2025) The third independent index; Yemen's world-worst value hdr.undp.org archive
IPU — Women in Parliament Parliamentary representation data for every country table ipu.org archive
HRW — "Trapped" (2023) The country-by-country map of male-guardianship travel restrictions hrw.org archive
Equality Now — Arab League legal survey The marital-rape and marry-your-rapist law map — Document 26's cleanest gap exhibit equalitynow.org archive
Musawah — Muslim family law country profiles The personal-status-code documentation used for the family-law architecture campaignforjustice.musawah.org archive
UNESCO — Afghanistan girls' education tracking The 2.2M barred girls figure; the only country banning girls' secondary education unesco.org archive
ICC — Taliban gender-persecution arrest warrants (July 2025) History's first ICC warrants for gender persecution as a crime against humanity hrw.org summary archive

LGBTQ rights data

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Human Dignity Trust — country profiles The backbone statutory source for Document 27's legal map humandignitytrust.org archive
HRW — MENA anti-LGBT law annex The statute compilation incl. Gaza's 1936 Mandate code hrw.org PDF archive
Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) — execution documentation The named-case record behind the Iran execution claims, incl. the 2022 hangings iranhr.net archive
HRW — "All This Terror Because of a Photo" (2023) The documented digital-entrapment record (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq) hrw.org archive
Amnesty — Iraq's 2024 criminalization law The region's biggest recent legal reversal, verified amnesty.org archive
alQaws — primary publications The Palestinian queer organization's own stated positions, cited in its own words alqaws.org archive
Arab Barometer — attitudes surveys The regional acceptance polling (2019 wave; later waves dropped the item — the flagged data gap) arabbarometer.org archive
Pew Research — Global Divide on Homosexuality The Israel/Turkey/Lebanon/Tunisia acceptance series and the US Muslim diaspora data pewresearch.org archive

Media freedom & bias data

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
RSF — World Press Freedom Index The annual 180-country rankings behind Document 28's index table rsf.org archive
CPJ — Committee to Protect Journalists The prison census and the journalist-casualty tracking (263 killed since Oct 2023 — the deadliest war for journalists recorded) cpj.org archive
State Media Monitor The state-capture classifications for Al Jazeera, MBC/SRMG, IRIB, Egyptian media statemediamonitor.com archive
RSF/GMR — Media Ownership Monitor The ownership mapping: Egypt's intelligence-owned conglomerate, Turkey's consolidation, Lebanon's family map mom-gmr.org archive
The Asserson Report (2024) The 9M-word BBC analysis — the documented anti-Israel-direction study, with its methodology critique cited alongside CAMERA summary archive
The Intercept — NYT/WaPo/LAT coverage analysis (2024) The word-frequency study — the documented pro-Israel-direction study, same method class, same critique class theintercept.com archive
ADL — Global 100 antisemitism polling The media-control-myth belief data (76% MENA agreement) behind Document 28's trope line global100.adl.org archive
NewsGuard — X misinformation analysis (Oct 2023) The 74%-from-paid-verification finding on viral war falsehoods newsguardtech.com archive

Religious freedom data

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
USCIRF — annual reports & recommendations The CPC/watch-list recommendations behind Document 29's scorecard uscirf.gov archive
State Department — International Religious Freedom reports The country-by-country legal and practice record, incl. the 20-year Saudi sanctions waiver state.gov archive
Pew — Government Restrictions Index The index placing MENA highest of any region every measured year — with Israel in the same top band pewresearch.org archive
Israel CBS — Christian population releases The official data behind the region's only growing native Christian community (184,200, end-2025) cbs.gov.il release archive
UN Commission of Inquiry — "They Came to Destroy" (2016) The formal Yazidi genocide determination ohchr.org archive
Frankfurt Higher Regional Court conviction (Nov 2021) The world's first genocide conviction for ISIS crimes against the Yazidis Amnesty summary archive
HRW — "The Boot on My Neck" (2024) The Baha'i persecution record incl. the crime-of-persecution finding hrw.org archive
Israel — Protection of Holy Places Law (1967) The statute protecting all faiths' sites, and the implementation-gap record measured against it Jewish Virtual Library text archive

Education & curriculum data

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Adwan/Bar-Tal/Wexler — "Victims of Our Own Narratives?" (2013) The only single-methodology study of both Israeli and Palestinian textbooks — Document 30's spine Yale YPSA archive
Georg Eckert Institute — EU-commissioned PA textbook study (2021) The report both camps quote by halves: UNESCO adherence AND antisemitic/violence-glorifying content gei.de FAQ archive
IMPACT-se — curriculum reviews The passage-level documentation of PA, Saudi, Qatari, Iranian and Israeli books (advocacy-aligned — flagged; passages photographable) impact-se.org archive
OECD PISA 2022 The regional score tables incl. the Palestinian territories' debut oecd.org archive
IEA TIMSS 2023 The grade-8 math/science trajectories incl. the Gulf gains and the Dubai-vs-UAE distinction timss2023.org archive
UNRWA/UNOSAT — Gaza school damage verification The satellite-verified 97% figure — the destruction number that needs no one's word unrwa.org archive
ADL — Iran textbook report The documented martyrdom/weapons-training curriculum passages adl.org archive
World Bank — learning poverty data The 6-in-10 MENA reading-poverty figure — the region's real education headline worldbank.org archive

Muslim Brotherhood record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Treasury/OFAC — MB and Hamas financial-network action (July 23, 2026) The London General Secretariat designation and the entity list — Document 31's Part 0 anchor treasury.gov sb0572 archive
Federal Register — MB chapter FTO designations (2026) The Lebanese and Sudanese branch designations, on the record federalregister.gov archive
UK Muslim Brotherhood Review — main findings (2015) The most careful Western government inquiry: the "prepared to countenance violence" finding, no proscription gov.uk PDF archive
Vidino/GW Program on Extremism — "The Muslim Brotherhood in America" (2025) The genealogy reconstruction from the wiretap/trial record (assessment — attributed, flagged) extremism.gwu.edu PDF archive
Bridge Initiative — the "civilization jihad" critique The counter-assessment on the 1991 memorandum and the network-mapping genre (attributed, flagged) bridge.georgetown.edu archive
Boim v. American Muslims for Palestine — docket The organizational-continuity question's courtroom: trial February 8, 2027 CourtListener archive
Brookings — the designation question The scholarly diffuseness counterpoint the chapter-by-chapter approach answers brookings.edu archive
FEC — campaign finance records The registry that adjudicates the funding claims: no MB-lineage organizational money to any DSA-linked candidate fec.gov archive
DSA national platform — "Free Palestine" plank The primary text of Document 31's ideology-vs-control analysis, quoted whole and retrieved August 2026 program.dsausa.org archive
Emgage PAC — FEC summary The largest Muslim-American PAC's actual cycle totals ($601,837, 2024) — Document 24's ledger row OpenSecrets/FEC archive
CAIR Action PAC — FEC filings (C00890541) The $0.00 cycle — the registry answer to the organizational-funding claim fec.gov archive
PolitiFact — the El-Sayed "Sharia" claim (Aug 2026) The fabrication adjudicated: Pants on Fire, with the full 2022 speech reviewed politifact.com archive
CAIR v. DeSantis — case record (ACLU) The Florida designation arc: preliminary injunction on First Amendment grounds, the statute, the pending suit aclu.org archive
Indiana University — Muslim American philanthropy studies The organic-capacity anchor: ~$1.8B annual zakat, ~$4.3B total giving Chronicle of Philanthropy report archive
Pew Research — demographic portrait of Muslim Americans The population, citizenship (82%), and bimodal-income record behind Document 24's premise tests pewresearch.org archive
DOJ — Holy Land Foundation convictions (2008) The primary record of what the HLF case established — and its limits: HLF and five leaders convicted; CAIR never charged justice.gov archive
Fifth Circuit — the NAIT unindicted-co-conspirator ruling The appellate holding Document 31's two-court record prints: public naming violated due process; the listing an "untested allegation" ca5.uscourts.gov opinion archive
GW Program on Extremism — the CAIR paper (2025) The founding-era documentary record as compiled by former HLF prosecutors/investigators (provenance flagged in text) extremism.gwu.edu PDF archive
CAIR — "Dispelling Rumors About CAIR" The organization's own rebuttal, used for its side per the one-standard rule (site bot-walled to automated checkers; loads in browser) cair.com archive

Water record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Oslo II, Annex III, Article 40 (1995) — via European Parliament briefing The 80/20 Mountain Aquifer allocation, the Joint Water Committee, and the interim-that-froze — Document 32's legal anchor EPRS briefing PDF archive
Israel–Jordan Peace Treaty, Annex II (1994) The region's most consistently implemented bilateral water agreement — allocations, storage, and the Yarmouk arrangements Avalon Project, Yale archive
Oregon State Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database (Wolf et al.) The event record since 1948: cooperative water interactions outnumber conflictive ~2:1; no modern interstate water war transboundarywaters.ceoas.oregonstate.edu archive
1997 UN Watercourses Convention — status of ratification The membership pattern: downstream states joined; the upstream hegemons (Turkey, Ethiopia, Egypt unratified, Israel) stayed out UN Treaty Collection archive
World Bank — "Securing Water for Development in West Bank and Gaza" The sector diagnosis both sides cite: the permit bottleneck and the one-third-to-half network losses World Bank PDF archive
B'Tselem — "Parched" (2023) The critics' consumption figures (82.4 vs 247 l/c/d) with their methodology (advocacy source — attributed and flagged in text) btselem.org archive
Amnesty International — "Troubled Waters" (2009) The permit-regime documentation and the earlier consumption figures (advocacy source — attributed and flagged in text) amnesty.org archive
Israel Water Authority position — via International Water Law Project The official Israeli counting critique: obligations exceeded, purchases undercounted, network losses, unauthorized drilling (official party — flagged in text) internationalwaterlaw.org archive
OCHA oPt — Humanitarian Situation Report, 23 July 2026 The West Bank water record: WASH-structure demolition rates, spring seizures, the 2025 settler-attack peak unocha.org archive
CSIS — "The Siege of Gaza's Water" The pre-war baseline: the ~13% Mekorot share, the aquifer arithmetic, and the wartime infrastructure analysis csis.org archive
UNICEF — Gaza WASH situation update (May 2026) The recovery-era consumption figures: 22 l/c/d against 85.6 pre-war; the rubble-loss rate; the rehabilitation counts unicef.org PDF archive
COGAT — ceasefire humanitarian report (July 2026) The Israeli repair record on the Gaza pipelines and desalination power line (official party — flagged in text) gaza-aid-data.gov.il PDF archive
Science Advances — Iran land-subsidence study Peer-reviewed remote sensing: ~56,000 km² subsiding, hotspots over 35 cm/yr — the groundwater-mining record science.org (DOI) archive
Journal of Hydrology — GERD filling-impact satellite study The claim-tested finding: no significant downstream reservoir reduction during the 2020–23 fill years ScienceDirect (DOI) archive

Energy record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2025 Officially reported reserves and production — used with the self-reported/un-audited flag Document 33 carries opec.org PDF archive
IEA — Strait of Hormuz factsheet (Feb 2026) The chokepoint arithmetic: ~25% of seaborne oil, ~20% of LNG, destination shares iea.blob PDF archive
IMF Regional Economic Outlook, April 2026 Fiscal breakeven prices, Iran macro projections, regional divergence tables imf.org PDF archive
Saudi Ministry of Finance — 2026 Budget Statement The deficit and borrowing record behind the diversification claims Budget Statement PDF archive
World Bank — GDP per capita series (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD) The Israel–Saudi crossover: overtaken 1973, re-passed 1987, 1.5× by 2024 — pulled directly for Document 33 data.worldbank.org archive
Ross — "What Have We Learned about the Resource Curse?" (Annual Review of Political Science, 2015) The scholarship synthesis: durability and conflict effects robust, growth curse not supported annualreviews.org archive
Federal Reserve History — "Oil Shock of 1973–74" The partly-mythologized embargo: price explosion driven by posted-price decisions, shortages amplified by price controls federalreservehistory.org archive
RFA fact check — the "petrodollar pact expired 2024" claim The adjudication: no formal dollar-pricing treaty existed; the genuine 1974–75 Treasury arrangement documented via GAO rfa.org archive
Chevron — Leviathan expansion FID (Jan 2026) The signed $2.4B expansion to ~21 bcm/yr — the export architecture's foundation chevron.com archive
NewMed Energy — $35B Egypt export agreement (Aug 7, 2025) Israel's largest-ever export deal: up to ~130 bcm through 2040, the deal text's own terms prnewswire.com archive
EIA — Palestinian Territories country analysis The Gaza Marine baseline: ~1.6 tcf recoverable, "not yet commercially viable" — the neutral reserve figure eia.gov archive
UNCTAD — "The Economic Costs of the Israeli Occupation: The Unrealized Oil and Natural Gas Potential" (2019) The actual source of the "$524B" figure — basin-wide, all countries, "to distribute and share" — quoted against its viral misuse unctad.org archive
TotalEnergies — Lebanon Block 8 entry (Jan 2026) The evidence the 2022 Israel-Lebanon maritime deal survived the war: new exploration signed totalenergies.com archive
EU Council — Iran snapback reimposition (Sept 29, 2025) The reinstated UN/EU sanctions architecture, on the record consilium.europa.eu archive
MEES / S&P Global Commodity Insights The neutral trade-press record used for flows, shutdowns, and LNG data throughout Document 33 mees.com · spglobal.com archive

Heritage record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
UNESCO — Gaza damage assessment The satellite-verified count Document 34 anchors on: 164 damaged sites incl. 14 religious unesco.org/en/gaza/assessment archive
Saudi General Authority for Statistics — Hajj statistics The region's only independently audited pilgrimage counts, year by year stats.gov.sa archive
Diyanet (Turkey) — official statistics The registry-grade mosque count (90,037, 2024) in the worship-inventory table stratejigelistirme.diyanet.gov.tr archive
Egypt cabinet church-legalization record (via Coptic Solidarity) The 3,804-of-~5,500 legalization docket — the region's only church registry copticsolidarity.org archive
Armenian Patriarchate surveys 1912–14 (scholarly edition) The 2,300–2,549 pre-genocide church/monastery baseline behind the trajectory table Springer chapter archive
Meron Benvenisti, Sacred Landscape (Univ. of California Press, 2000) The Israeli-scholarship survey of depopulated-village mosques (~140 standing, ~100 demolished) — the both-directions row UC Press archive
AAAS — Djulfa satellite analysis (2010) Imagery-confirmed destruction of the world's largest medieval Armenian cemetery, against state denial aaas.org archive
ICC — Prosecutor v. Al Mahdi The only heritage-destruction conviction in international law: Timbuktu, 2016, nine years icc-cpi.int archive
Manhattan DA — Antiquities Trafficking Unit The repatriation record: 6,200+ objects recovered, returns to 36 countries manhattanda.org archive
RAND — the illicit antiquities market (2020) The deflation of the "ISIS billions" myth: the whole market is "at most a few hundred million dollars annually" Art Newspaper summary archive
Rossing Center — attacks on Christians, annual reports The debit column beside Israel's stewardship row: 111 documented incidents (2024) rossingcenter.org archive
Temple Mount Sifting Project The 600,000+ finds recovered from the Waqf's 1996–99 dumping, with the stratigraphy caveat stated tmsifting.org archive
Emek Shaveh The Israeli-archaeologists' critique of City of David/Sebastia politicization (advocacy NGO — attributed; disputes land use, not finds) emekshaveh.org archive
US State Dept — International Religious Freedom reports The per-country worship-site registration and restriction record behind the inventory table state.gov IRF archive

Children & armed conflict record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
UN Secretary-General — Children and Armed Conflict report 2026 (A/80/723–S/2026/357) The annexes Document 35 quotes verbatim: the lettered violation categories and every regional listing un.org PDF archive
UN Office of the SRSG for Children and Armed Conflict The action-plan record and the listing mechanism itself childrenandarmedconflict.un.org archive
ICC — Prosecutor v. Lubanga The first and defining child-recruitment conviction: under-15 conscription alone sustains a war-crimes verdict icc-cpi.int archive
OPAC — UN Treaty Collection status table The ratification record checked at build time: Israel's 2005 ratification and declaration; Iran's signature-only status treaties.un.org archive
UN Panel of Experts on Yemen (S/2022/50 reporting) The 1,406 + 562 battlefield-death lists of Houthi child recruits — the region's strongest deployment-scale evidence; also the Iranian arms-pipeline record Document 19's axis section cites Al Jazeera summary archive
Nasrallah's 2016 funding acknowledgment (contemporaneous record) The self-announcement anchoring Document 19's axis section: Hezbollah's budget, weapons, and salaries "come from the Islamic Republic of Iran" Reuters report archive
Houthi action plan (April 2022) — UN announcement The signed commitment against which the annual verified violations are measured childrenandarmedconflict.un.org archive
SDF action plan (June 2019) — UN announcement The region's most instructive improvement arc: real machinery, continuing violations, both credited childrenandarmedconflict.un.org archive
Israel Supreme Court — HCJ 3799/02, Adalah v. GOC Central Command (2005) The human-shields ban: the practice declared illegal by the state's own court — the arc's anchor Official English judgment archive
Pelham, "Gaza's Tunnel Phenomenon" (Journal of Palestine Studies 41:4, 2012) + the JPS correction The child-tunnel-labor observation and the correction of the "160 children" misquote — printed together JPS article · JPS statement archive
Human Rights Watch — "Stop Use of Children in Suicide Bombings" (Nov 2004) The Second Intifada count: at least ten under-18 bombers, dispatched by Palestinian armed groups incl. Hamas hrw.org archive
Human Rights Watch — "Iran: Military Stepping Up Child Recruitment" (March 2026) The named 2026 campaign: IRGC division recruiting from age 12 via Basij bases hrw.org archive
CTC Sentinel — ISIS child-martyr eulogy study (2016) The verified floor for the Cubs of the Caliphate: 89 children eulogized by ISIS's own media in one year ctc.westpoint.edu archive

UNRWA 2026 record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
USAID OIG — Investigative Summary (June 5, 2026) The 101/108 suspension-debarment referrals with role-specific findings, and the completed Mousa debarment — the UNRWA FAQ's 2026-escalation anchor oig.usaid.gov/node/8155 archive
UNRWA — statement on the termination of 70 staff (June 11, 2026) The response side verbatim: safety-measure framing, not-a-validation language, and the unanswered evidence requests un.org/unispal mirror archive

Refugee status & absorption record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Lebanon — Law 296/2001 (property) and the labor-law arc (via LPDC) The Lebanese exclusion instruments Document 36 names: the property bar, the profession restrictions, the social-security split lpdc.gov.lb archive
2017 LPDC/CAS/PCBS census of Palestinian camps in Lebanon The first official count: 174,422 present vs ~488,000 registered — the load-bearing gap lpdc.gov.lb archive
UNRWA — Digital Identity Verification report, Lebanon (2025) UNRWA's own reconciliation: ~222,000 residing — the registered-vs-present gap conceded by the agency itself un.org/unispal archive
Jordan — Nationality Law No. 6 of 1954 Article 3: the only Arab mass-naturalization of Palestinians — the exception that proves the choice refworld.org archive
HRW — Stateless Again (2010) The documented 2,700+ arbitrary nationality withdrawals from Palestinian-origin Jordanians, 2004–08 hrw.org archive
Syria — Law No. 260 of 1956 (via PalQuest/legal text) The rights-without-citizenship framework: as Syrians in work and education, never citizens palquest.org archive
Casablanca Protocol (1965) — full text Functional rights "whilst retaining their Palestinian nationality" — naturalization never on offer, by design refworld.org archive
Romirowsky & Joffé — the Galloway attribution study (Middle Eastern Studies) The source correction Document 36 enforces: the "open sore" quote is Alexander Galloway, 1952 — not "Ralph Galloway, 1958" tandfonline (DOI) archive
Lausanne Convention on the Greek-Turkish exchange (1923) The era's template: compulsory exchange with citizenship by treaty design — the naturalization pole mfa.gov.tr text archive
Reparations Agreement (Luxembourg, 1952) The 3B DM absorption financing — and the fact the first 685,000 were absorbed before it arrived Wikipedia (canonical summary w/ treaty cites) archive
UNHCR — Syria situation returns data (2025–26) The post-Assad return wave: 640K+ from Turkey, ~208K from Jordan, the 67%-under-duress finding for Lebanon data.unhcr.org archive
Amnesty/UNHCR — the 2025 Afghan mass return from Iran ~1.8M in one year, ~2.8M with Pakistan, 67% assessed forced — among the largest forced returns since Partition amnesty.org archive

Exchange & hostage record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
The Jibril Agreement (1985) — record The 1,150-for-3 exchange and the Yassin release timeline Document 37 corrects Wikipedia (canonical summary w/ cites) archive
The Shalit exchange list The 1,027 released, ~280 life-termers, Sinwar among them — the deal's full roster Wikipedia list w/ conviction records archive
The October 2025 exchange terms All 20 living hostages for 1,968 — the 250 heavy sentences and ~1,700 uncharged detainees distinguished NPR archive
The closed hostage ledger (January 2026) The last body recovered — all 251 accounted for, the file's verified closure NPR archive
The Shamgar Committee record Written 2012, never adopted — Israel's absent hostage policy as verified institutional fact Ynet archive
HaMoked — prisoner statistics The running census: security inmates, administrative detention, "unlawful combatants" (Israeli rights NGO — orientation noted; the standard citation) hamoked.org archive
Journal of International Criminal Justice — Iran hostage-taking study (2022) The peer-reviewed 66-case dataset: Iran's detentions as hostage-taking under the Convention definition OUP (DOI) archive
The Tower Commission report (1987) The US's own arms-for-hostages record, confirmed by its own commission EBSCO summary archive
The Levinson Act (22 U.S.C. 1741) The US wrongful-detention framework — the institutional response codified congress.gov archive
NYT — the al-Qaeda ransom investigation (2014) The $125M European-ransom ledger behind the ransom-funds-terror finding CNAS corroboration archive
James W. Foley Legacy Foundation — annual data The US hostage/wrongful-detention census: 74 Americans in 2025, 5.9-year average Foundation report PDF archive
Gilbert — the hostage-diplomacy scholarship The honest-broker citation on the contested deterrence question: neither "never pay" nor "paying is costless" is supported UK Parliament written evidence archive

Apartheid-question record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (1973) The definitional elements every row of the regional table tests UN treaty text archive
HRW — A Threshold Crossed (2021) The NGO apartheid finding centering the occupied territory (advocacy — attributed and flagged, scope difference noted) hrw.org archive
Amnesty International — Israel apartheid report (2022) The river-to-sea version of the NGO claim (advocacy — attributed and flagged; the version colliding hardest with the citizen-zone record) amnesty.org archive
Richard Goldstone — "Israel and the Apartheid Slander" (NYT, 2011) The counter-anchor from the South African judge and UN Gaza-report author: "nothing there comes close to the definition" nytimes.com archive

Terror-finance record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
FATF — high-risk and monitored jurisdictions (June 2026) The black list (Iran, North Korea, Myanmar) and grey list Document 38's architecture section is built on fatf-gafi.org archive
US Treasury — IRGC-QF to Hezbollah (SB0308) The primary-source >$1B-since-January-2025 figure — the load-bearing Iran number home.treasury.gov archive
US Treasury — Hamas Investment Office (JY0798) The >$500M portfolio designation, holdings across Sudan/Turkey/Saudi/Algeria/UAE home.treasury.gov archive
US Treasury — Lebanese Canadian Bank Section 311 finding (TG1057) The landmark $329M money-laundering case treasury.gov archive
Elliptic / Chainalysis — the Hamas-crypto correction The ~99% deflation of the "$130M" claim to ~$450K reaching terror wallets elliptic.co archive
United States v. Holy Land Foundation — DOJ (2008) The 108-count conviction, the largest US terror-finance prosecution justice.gov archive
Linde v. Arab Bank — Second Circuit (2018 vacatur) The first-and-only bank jury verdict, vacated on an instructional error, then settled lawfaremedia.org summary archive
Sokolow v. PLO — the PSJVTA jurisdiction saga The $655.5M judgment reinstated March 2026; Supreme Court stay denied July 2026 Epoch Times report archive
Taylor Force Act (2018) — full text The US law conditioning aid on ending the PA martyrs payments congress.gov archive
Executive Order 14115 (Feb 2024) and its Jan 2025 revocation The West Bank settler-sanctions arc — designations imposed, then rescinded within a year (the one-standard mirror) ofac.treasury.gov EO text · rescission archive
FATF — Israel mutual evaluation (2018) Israel's rating at the same standard applied to every state in Document 38 fatf-gafi.org archive
France24 fact-check — the "87% of Gaza aid looted" distortion The correction: the UN attributed most convoy interception to hungry civilians, not Hamas capture france24.com archive
OCCRP / C4ADS — "Dubai Unlocked" (2024) The leaked Dubai Land Department records: ~200 flagged individuals, 1,000+ properties occrp.org archive

International-law record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Statute of the International Court of Justice — Article 38 The sources-of-law list (treaty, custom, general principles) anchoring Document 39's architecture icj-cij.org archive
UN Charter — Articles 2(4), 51, Chapter VII The use-of-force regime and the Security Council enforcement route the veto gates un.org archive
Geneva Conventions of 1949 & Additional Protocols The IHL principles (distinction, proportionality, precaution) and the grave-breaches basis for universal jurisdiction icrc.org archive
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (2002) The four core crimes and the complementarity principle; the 125-party membership and the great-power non-parties icc-cpi.int archive
Nicaragua v. United States — ICJ judgment (1986) The cleanest proof a permanent member can lose in court and face no enforcement (US withdrew jurisdiction, then vetoed) icj-cij.org archive
ICJ — South Africa v. Israel, Order of 26 January 2024 The six provisional measures — and the text showing it did not order a ceasefire icj-cij.org archive
Joan Donoghue (former ICJ President) — BBC HARDtalk (April 2024) The correction in the Court's own voice: a plausible right to be protected, not that genocide is plausible bbc.co.uk archive
ICJ — Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences of Israel's Policies in the OPT (19 July 2024) The occupation-unlawful finding and the CERD Article 3 limb-unspecified holding icj-cij.org archive
ICC — arrest warrants for Netanyahu, Gallant, Deif (21 November 2024) The starvation-as-method charge and the Deif termination-on-death; the jurisdiction basis icc-cpi.int archive
Executive Order 14203 (Feb 2025) — sanctions on the ICC The Direction-B exhibit: the enforcement court's officials sanctioned for issuing the warrants federalregister.gov archive
UN Security Council — veto record (Dag Hammarskjöld Library) The veto table (Russia/USSR ~120, US ~82, UK 29, France 16, China 16) indicting the loudest accusers together research.un.org archive
Prosecutor v. Al Mahdi — ICC judgment (2016) The Timbuktu heritage-destruction conviction — a reachable non-state actor convicted icc-cpi.int archive
Frankfurt Higher Regional Court — al-Jumailly Yazidi genocide verdict (2021); Koblenz — Raslan Syria-torture verdict (2022) The universal-jurisdiction bright spots proving "accountability reaches the reachable" ecchr.eu (Yazidi) · ecchr.eu (Koblenz) archive
UN Watch — Israel and the UNGA/HRC (advocacy compilation) The Direction-A volume figures — attributed and flagged as advocacy-compiled, with the underlying votes traceable to UN records unwatch.org archive
Goldsmith & Posner, The Limits of International Law; Koh, "Why Do Nations Obey International Law?"; Anghie, Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law The genuine three-school dispute (realist / institutionalist / TWAIL) presented verdict-agnostically Yale LJ (Koh) archive

Regional water-conflict record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
1959 Agreement for the Full Utilization of the Nile Waters (UN Treaty Series vol. 453) The Egypt–Sudan 55.5/18.5 bcm split with no upstream party — the legitimacy hole at the center of the Nile dispute treaties.un.org (PDF) archive
2015 Declaration of Principles on the GERD (full text) The all-three-parties political declaration — explicitly non-binding, filling/operation deferred internationalwaterlaw.org (PDF) archive
Nile Basin Initiative — CFA entry-into-force announcement (Oct 13, 2024) The Cooperative Framework Agreement entering into force over Egyptian/Sudanese objection — the legal-terrain shift toward Ethiopia nilebasin.org (PDF) archive
NPR / Al Jazeera — GERD inauguration (Sept 9, 2025) The dam's opening with no treaty in place; no Egyptian or Sudanese officials present npr.org archive
Nature Communications — "Understanding and managing new risks on the Nile with the GERD" (2020) The peer-reviewed hydrology behind the filling/drought-risk vs. steady-state-loss distinction nature.com archive
Al Arabiya — the 2013 live-broadcast Egyptian politicians' meeting The on-air sabotage-options gaffe — the vivid rhetoric that never became action alarabiya.net archive
UN General Assembly Press Release GA/9248 (1997 Watercourses Convention vote) The 103–3–27 vote; Turkey, China, Burundi against — the upstream-state opposition that keeps the law thin internationalwaterlaw.org archive
Britannica / Power-Technology — Atatürk Dam & GAP specs The scale of Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Project — headwaters control of both rivers britannica.com archive
Human Rights Watch — Basra is Thirsty (2019) The ~118,000 hospitalized in the 2018 Basra water crisis — downstream collapse documented hrw.org archive
UNESCO World Heritage Centre — The Ahwar of Southern Iraq (#1481, 2016) The Mesopotamian Marshes' inscription — the wetlands Saddam drained, partly restored whc.unesco.org archive
1973 Helmand River Water Treaty (Afghanistan–Iran, full text) The 22+4 m³/s allocation behind the Iran–Afghanistan dispute — the basin that turned lethal internationalwaterlaw.org (PDF) archive
USIP Iran Primer — Iran & Afghanistan clash over water (May 2023) The May 27, 2023 border clash (~3 dead) — the region's rare deadly water violence iranprimer.usip.org archive
Oregon State — Wolf, "History of water disputes is cooperation, not conflict" (TFDD) The dataset behind the cooperation-outnumbers-conflict finding and the "last water war ~2500 BCE" framing news.oregonstate.edu archive
Kelley et al. (2015, PNAS) & Selby et al. (2017, Political Geography) The genuine, unresolved dispute over whether drought helped cause the Syrian civil war — both sides as peers pnas.org (Kelley) · Selby PDF archive
ICRC — Article 54 API & Customary IHL Rule 54 The prohibition on attacking water installations — the legal frame for "water as a weapon" ihl-databases.icrc.org archive
WHO EMRO — Yemen cholera burden The largest cholera epidemic in recorded history (2.5M+ suspected cases) — water-and-sanitation collapse as war's toll emro.who.int archive

Sudan war, Darfur atrocities & media-salience record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Yale School of Public Health — UN concludes RSF genocide at El-Fasher, Yale HRL evidence The 2025 El Fasher genocide finding and the satellite evidence behind it ysph.yale.edu archive
Al Jazeera — Yale report finds RSF mass killings in El-Fasher (Oct 28, 2025) ~1,500 killed in 48 hours; door-to-door killings after the city's fall aljazeera.com archive
IPC / WFP — Famine confirmed in Sudan's North Darfur (Zamzam, Aug 2024) The world's first IPC famine determination in seven years — before Gaza's wfp.org archive
IOM — One-third of Sudan displaced in 1,000 days The world's largest displacement crisis: >14.5M displaced, ~1 in 3 Sudanese iom.int archive
HRW — "The Massalit Will Not Come Home" (May 2024) The 2023 ethnic-cleansing campaign against the Masalit in El Geneina (~10,000–15,000 killed) hrw.org archive
UNICEF / UN News — child rape in Sudan (Mar 2025) 221+ child-rape cases from Jan 2024, victims including infants as young as one news.un.org archive
OHCHR — UN Fact-Finding Mission for Sudan, large-scale sexual violence (Oct 2024) The UN body's documentation of large-scale conflict-related sexual violence ohchr.org archive
LSE Media & Communications — Working Paper 74, "Major International Issues Undercovered By the News Media" The coverage-volume disparity (~32,000 Gaza vs ~3,400 Sudan articles) behind the salience asymmetry lse.ac.uk (PDF) archive
Reuters Institute — "Why some wars don't make headlines" The salience scholarship: proximity, access, and visibility hierarchies reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk archive
PLOS One — "Compassion Fade" (Västfjäll et al.) The documented cognitive effect: empathy falls as victim numbers rise journals.plos.org archive
J-Wire — Henry Ergas on the ABC (the "trawl" method, in his own words) The named ABC salience claim, cited at its true weight (personal trawl; figures unverified) jwire.com.au archive
ABC Media Watch — "Sudan's forgotten war" The ABC's own coverage of Sudan — the calibration against the "zero coverage" claim abc.net.au archive

Kurdish / Afrin demographic-engineering record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Amnesty International — Turkey/Afrin violations (2018) Summary killings, unlawful attacks, and displacement by Turkey and SNA factions in Afrin amnesty.org archive
Human Rights Watch — Afrin / northern Syria abuses SNA abuses against Kurdish civilians; deportations into Turkish-held areas; property seizure hrw.org archive
UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria — reports The documented displacement, property violations, and abuses in Turkish-occupied Afrin ohchr.org archive
Syrians for Truth and Justice — settlement report (June 2022) The 100+ settlement complexes, the Gulf/Palestinian charitable financing, and the demographic-engineering campaign stj-sy.org archive
VOA — "Settlement Construction… Demographic Engineering" The Kurds ~96%→~25% figure and the resettlement of southern-Syrian Arabs into Kurdish homes voanews.com archive
Inter Press Service — "Palestinians Finance Settlements in Kurdish-Occupied Areas" (July 2023) The Ajnadeen (Hamas-affiliated) ~200-unit financing and the "Palestine Ajnadine" village; the PA denunciation ipsnews.net archive
PeaceComms / Jusoor (Center for Peace Communications) investigation (Aug 2024) The Qatar-financing and "10,000 Palestinians" allegations — flagged as an advocacy investigation, attributed not asserted peacecomms.substack.com archive

Kurdish question record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Treaty of Sèvres (1920), Arts. 62–64 & Treaty of Lausanne (1923) The promised Kurdish autonomy and its erasure — the origin of the four-way division wdl.org (Sèvres) · Lausanne archive
David McDowall, A Modern History of the Kurds (I.B. Tauris, 3rd ed.) The standard single-volume history — Mahabad, the Barzani revolts, Algiers 1975, the 1991 uprising bloomsbury.com archive
Aliza Marcus, Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence (NYU Press, 2007) The standard PKK history — founding, ideology, the one-standard violence ledger nyupress.org archive
HRW, Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds (1993) The documented Anfal toll floor and the genocide characterization hrw.org archive
Iraqi High Tribunal — Anfal verdict (2007) The genocide conviction of "Chemical Ali" — the accountability anchor rferl.org archive
OHCHR — report on southeast Turkey, July 2015–Dec 2016 (2017) The Cizre/Sur town-center destruction and the ~189 basement deaths, with near-total impunity ohchr.org archive
US State Dept — Foreign Terrorist Organizations list; CRS "Turkey, the PKK, and U.S. Involvement" The designation asymmetry (PKK proscribed, YPG/SDF not) congress.gov (CRS IF11380) archive
Al Jazeera / ICG — PKK dissolution (May 2025) and disarmament The 2025 dissolution and the "declared not verified-complete" status aljazeera.com archive
HRW, Under Kurdish Rule: Abuses in PYD-run Enclaves of Syria (2014); UN CAAC child-soldier listing The one-standard AANES ledger — KNC suppression and YPG/YPJ child recruitment hrw.org archive
Syrians for Truth and Justice / Legal Agenda — the 1962 Hasakah census The stripping of ~120,000 Kurds of citizenship (ajanib/maktumin) legal-agenda.com archive
Al Jazeera / AP — Syria Decree No. 13 (Jan 2026) Post-Assad citizenship for stateless Kurds, Kurdish as a national language, Newroz holiday; SDF integration aljazeera.com archive
Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) — execution of ethnic minorities The Kurdish overrepresentation among Iran's executions iranhr.net archive
Amnesty International — Iran crackdown after Mahsa/Jina Amini (2022) The disproportionate lethal force in Kurdish cities during "Woman, Life, Freedom" amnesty.org archive
Pike Committee report (1976) & FRUS 1969–76 Vol. XXVII The 1975 Algiers abandonment of the Iraqi Kurds — the betrayal-pattern anchor history.state.gov (FRUS) archive
Bloomberg / CNN — Netanyahu on the 2017 KRG referendum Israel-Kurdish ties documented (and, in the doc, distinguished from the propaganda conspiracy) bloomberg.com archive

Yazidi genocide & ISIS accountability record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria — "They Came to Destroy: ISIS Crimes Against the Yazidis" (June 2016) The first UN genocide determination on the Sinjar facts ohchr.org archive
Cetorelli et al., PLOS Medicine (2017) — Yazidi mortality & kidnapping estimates The rigorous epidemiological model (~3,100 killed first days, ~6,800 kidnapped) anchoring the ranges journals.plos.org archive
UNITAD — genocide findings (2021/2024) & mandate-conclusion statement (Sept 17, 2024) The UN evidence body's genocide determination and its shutdown without an in-Iraq prosecution iraq.un.org archive
UN Security Council Resolution 2379 (2017) The mandate that created UNITAD main.un.org archive
Amnesty International & ASIL — the Frankfurt al-Jumailly genocide judgment (Nov 30, 2021) The world's first ISIS genocide conviction (universal jurisdiction), upheld on appeal amnesty.org archive
HRW — Flawed Justice: Accountability for ISIS Crimes in Iraq (2017) Iraq's terrorism-not-genocide prosecutions, rushed trials, mass death sentences hrw.org archive
HRW — "Iraq: Flawed Implementation of Yazidi Compensation Law" (April 2023) The Yazidi Survivors Law's stalled, non-survivor-centered rollout hrw.org archive
ISIS, Dabiq issue 4, "The Revival of Slavery" (Oct 2014) — via academic/archival reproduction The self-announcement of Yazidi enslavement as doctrine (cited via scholarship, not an ISIS-hosted source) cla.umn.edu (CHGS) archive
KRG rescue office / Religion News Service — the still-missing count (~2,558, March 2025) The abducted/rescued/missing figures religionnews.com archive
Nobel Peace Prize 2018 (Nadia Murad & Denis Mukwege) The advocacy record nobelprize.org archive
International Crisis Group — "Stabilising the Contested District of Sinjar" (2022) The contested Sinjar, the YBŞ/PMF/Turkey dynamic, the unimplemented 2020 Sinjar Agreement crisisgroup.org archive
HRW / Al Jazeera — the al-Hol camp closure and mass escape (Jan–Feb 2026) The 2026 detainee-custody collapse (fast-moving; the ~20,000 figure hedged to primary reporting) hrw.org archive

Turkey record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
US House H.Res.296 (2019) & President Biden's Armenian Remembrance Day statement (April 24, 2021) The US recognition of the Armenian genocide congress.gov archive
International Association of Genocide Scholars — Armenian/Assyrian/Greek affirmations The scholarly-consensus genocide determination and the 2007 Assyrian/Greek resolution genocidescholars.org archive
Raymond Kévorkian, The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History; Taner Akçam, The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity The demographic/documentary reconstruction and the intent evidence from Ottoman archives worldcat (Kévorkian) archive
Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code; the Hrant Dink case & ECtHR ruling The denial apparatus — prosecutions of Pamuk and Dink; Dink's 2007 assassination hudoc.echr.coe.int (Dink v. Turkey) archive
UN Security Council Resolutions 541 (1983) & 550 (1984) The TRNC declared legally invalid; recognized by Turkey alone unscr.com/541 archive
ECtHR — Loizidou v. Turkey (1996) & Cyprus v. Turkey (2001) Turkey's "effective overall control" and legal responsibility in occupied northern Cyprus hudoc.echr.coe.int archive
Treaty of Lausanne (1923) & Treaty of Sèvres (1920) The imperial-collapse-to-Republic transition; Sèvres partition reversed by Lausanne mfa.gov.tr (Lausanne) archive
OSCE/ODIHR — 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum; HRW World Report on the 2016 purge The executive-presidency shift and the post-coup purge (100,000+ dismissed) osce.org archive
Al Jazeera / Bloomberg / NPR — Turkey's total trade halt with Israel (May 2, 2024) The Gaza-war rupture: full trade cutoff, ambassador recall, relations not formally severed aljazeera.com archive
Gaza flotilla raid (Mavi Marmara, 2010) record & the 2013 Israeli apology The founding grievance in the Turkey–Israel rupture aljazeera.com archive
Al Jazeera / Atlantic Council — Turkey–Saudi–Pakistan Mecca defense pact (Aug 2026) The 2026 trilateral realignment (fast-moving; dated) aljazeera.com archive

Iran record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
US State Dept — State Sponsors of Terrorism (Iran designated 1984) The continuous designation and the terror/proxy record state.gov archive
Peterson v. Islamic Republic of Iran (US court) — 1983 Beirut barracks bombing The US-court finding of Iranian direction (via Hezbollah) of the 241-death attack cohenmilstein.com archive
Argentine Federal Cassation Court (2024) — the 1994 AMIA bombing Iran ruled responsible for the 85-death bombing; "terrorist state" finding; INTERPOL Red Notices interpol.int archive
Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) — Annual Death Penalty Reports (2024/2025) The world-top execution record: ~975 (2024), ~1,639 (2025); ethnic-minority overrepresentation iranhr.net archive
Amnesty International — "Blood-Soaked Secrets" (2018) on the 1988 prison massacres The 1988 mass executions as ongoing crimes against humanity amnesty.org archive
UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Iran (2024) — 2022 crackdown The finding of crimes against humanity in the "Woman, Life, Freedom" crackdown after Jina Amini's death ohchr.org archive
Bahá'í International Community & HRW — Baha'i persecution (2025 escalation) The systematic persecution documented (and the "genocide" label kept contested/unadjudicated) bic.org archive
FAIR & Washington Post Fact Checker — the "wipe off the map" mistranslation The correction: "this regime… must vanish from the page of time" (regime disappearance) fair.org archive
OHCHR — UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria (siege warfare; IRGC/Hezbollah named) Iran's role propping up Assad through atrocity-level siege-starvation ohchr.org archive
IAEA (GOV/2026/8) & ISIS — post-June-2025-war nuclear assessments The degraded enrichment infrastructure and the unverified HEU-stockpile fate (⚡ 2025–26) iaea.org archive

Saudi Arabia record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
ODNI — "Assessing the Saudi Government's Role in the Killing of Jamal Khashoggi" (2021) The declassified US assessment that MBS "approved" the operation (Saudi Arabia denies; unadjudicated) dni.gov (PDF) archive
UN Group of Eminent Experts on Yemen — reports (2019–2021) The war-crimes/CAH-by-all-parties finding; "no clean hands"; the ICC-referral call ohchr.org archive
UNDP — "Assessing the Impact of War in Yemen" (2021; ~377,000 deaths, ~60% indirect) The modeled all-party death-toll projection behind the humanitarian catastrophe undp.org archive
HRW — "Yemen: Saudi-Led Funeral Attack Apparent War Crime" (2016) & "List of Shame" (2020) The signature strikes and the criticized 2020 UN de-listing hrw.org archive
HRW / Amnesty — Saudi Arabia World Reports; execution tallies (2024/2025) The record executions, tweet sentences, guardianship, kafala, migrant-worker deaths hrw.org archive
9/11 Commission Report & JASTA litigation (SDNY ruling, 2025) 15/19 hijackers Saudi; no institutional Saudi-government funding found; individual links litigated-unproven govinfo.gov archive
Al Arabiya / CRS — US–Saudi Strategic Defense Agreement & major-non-NATO-ally status (Nov 2025) The 2025 US realignment (⚡ post-cutoff; verify) congress.gov (CRS R48162) archive
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists / Reuters — Saudi–Pakistan mutual-defense pact (Sept 2025) The mutual-defense pact and its ambiguous nuclear-umbrella language (⚡) thebulletin.org archive
Middle East Institute / INSS — Israel-normalization status and the 2023 Iran détente (2026) Normalization "slipping away" on the statehood precondition; the détente under strain (⚡) mei.edu archive

Israel record (Key Regional Actor profile)

Profile-specific load-bearing sources; the standing Israel/Palestine registry above (ICJ order & July 2024 advisory opinion, ICC warrants, B'Tselem, Peace Now, Morris, UNRWA/OCHA) also underwrites this profile.

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
ICJ — Legal Consequences of Israel's Policies in the OPT, Advisory Opinion (19 July 2024) The Court's conclusion that the continued occupation is unlawful and settlements violate international law (incl. its treatment of Gaza as still occupied — the "effective control" position Israel rejects) icj-cij.org archive
ICJ — South Africa v. Israel, Order on Provisional Measures (26 Jan 2024) & Joan Donoghue interview (BBC, Apr 2024) The provisional measures on a plausible right to be protected; the presiding judge's own correction of the "plausible genocide" misreport icj-cij.org archive
ICC — Situation in the State of Palestine, arrest warrants for Netanyahu & Gallant (21 Nov 2024) The "reasonable grounds to believe" threshold; crimes against humanity and starvation as a method of warfare — warrants, not convictions icc-cpi.int archive
Kahan Commission Report (1983) Israel's own state commission finding indirect responsibility for Sabra & Shatila and personal responsibility of Ariel Sharon MFA / Jewish Virtual Library archive
Freedom House — Freedom in the World: Israel; West Bank; Gaza Strip (2025) The separate scoring — Israel proper 73/Free vs. West Bank 22/Not Free — the documented two-tier governance freedomhouse.org archive
UN Secretary-General's Panel of Inquiry — "Palmer Report" on the 31 May 2010 flotilla incident (2011) The finding that Israel's naval blockade of Gaza is a legitimate security measure and lawful under international law un.org (PDF) archive
Congressional Research Service — "U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel" (RL33222) & 2016 MOU The $38B/10-yr MOU baseline (~$3.8B/yr) and the ~$17.9B post-Oct-2023 wartime supplemental congress.gov (RL33222) archive
UN — Security Council veto list & Gaza-ceasefire veto record (Oct 2023 – Sept 2025) The six US vetoes shielding Israel on Gaza; the Sept 2025 veto against 14 members research.un.org archive

Egypt record (Key Regional Actor profile)

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
HRW — "All According to Plan: The Rab'a Massacre" (12 Aug 2014) The ≥817-killed-in-a-day documented floor; the "planned at the highest levels" / "probably crimes against humanity" NGO assessment (unadjudicated) hrw.org archive
Amnesty International — Minya mass death sentences (Mar & Jun 2014) The 529- and 683-in-one-hearing death sentences; "grotesque" justice amnesty.org archive
HRW — "Egypt: Little Truth in Al-Sisi's '60 Minutes' Responses" (Jan 2019) & "Torture Epidemic" (2017) The ~60,000 political-prisoner estimate (Egypt denies); torture "may amount to a crime against humanity" hrw.org archive
Al Jazeera — Giulio Regeni: four Egyptian officers on trial in absentia in Rome (Feb 2024) The documented torture-killing; Italian indictment; Egyptian state responsibility denied and unadjudicated aljazeera.com archive
HRW — "If You Are Afraid for Your Lives, Leave Sinai!" (28 May 2019) & "Look for Another Homeland" (2015) The North-Sinai abuses HRW says "amount to war crimes" (unadjudicated); the Rafah demolitions/forced evictions; both sides' atrocities hrw.org archive
HRW — "Egypt: US Waives Human Rights Conditions on Military Aid" (13 Sept 2024) The ~$1.3B/yr FMF and the condition-then-waive pattern citing Gaza-mediation value hrw.org archive
Yale Avalon Project — Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty (26 Mar 1979) The treaty text: Sinai returned for full recognition — the keystone of the US-backed order avalon.law.yale.edu archive
ADQ / Middle East Eye — Ras El Hekma $35B UAE deal (23 Feb 2024) & IMF program expansion to $8B The Gulf bailout that rescued the currency and unlocked the IMF program adq.ae archive
Gulf News / FPRI — Ethiopia inaugurates the GERD (9 Sept 2025); Egypt's UNSC petition The Nile "existential" dispute; the dam as fait accompli with no binding agreement (cross-ref Doc 40) gulfnews.com archive

Hamas record (Key Regional Actor profile — non-state)

The standing PLO/Hamas doctrine, Oct 7, and humanitarian sources elsewhere in this registry also underwrite this profile (Docs 13, 16, and the Gaza-genocide FAQ).

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Yale Avalon Project — Hamas Covenant (1988), full text The primary text: Article 7's call to kill Jews, Article 22/32 antisemitic tropes, Article 13's rejection of negotiation avalon.law.yale.edu archive
Hamas — "Document of General Principles and Policies" (2017) The revised framing (Zionists-not-Jews; 1967 lines as consensus) that did not rescind the 1988 Covenant or recognize Israel Wikipedia (sourced) archive
CFR — "What Is Hamas?" Origin (1987, Muslim Brotherhood branch), the three wings, structure, and current status cfr.org archive
US Treasury — Hamas Investment Office designation (JY0798, May 2022) The >$500M covert investment portfolio across Sudan/Turkey/Saudi/Algeria/UAE home.treasury.gov archive
ICC — arrest-warrant applications (20 May 2024) & Deif warrant (21 Nov 2024) Hamas leaders charged with extermination (CAH) and war crimes — not genocide; same-day applications against Israeli leaders icc-cpi.int archive
UN SRSG-SVC (Pramila Patten) — mission report on Oct 7 sexual violence (Mar 2024) "Reasonable grounds to believe" conflict-related sexual violence occurred; non-attributive, non-final press.un.org (SC/15621) archive
HRW — "Two Authorities, One Way, Zero Dissent" (2018); "Rockets from Gaza" (2009) Systematic arbitrary arrest/torture of Gazan dissidents; indiscriminate-rocket war-crime finding hrw.org archive
Amnesty International — "Strangling Necks" (2015) Hamas's 2014 extrajudicial executions of ~23 Palestinian "collaborators" (six at al-Omari mosque) — war crimes amnesty.org archive
CRS / US State Dept — Iran support to Palestinian groups ("up to $100M/year") The organizational funding baseline (cross-ref Doc 45) congress.gov (IF12549) archive
US Treasury (OFAC) — Martyrs Foundation / Al-Ansar designation (Oct 2023) Iran's family-of-martyr reward channel — distinct from a per-attack bounty iranwatch.org archive
Taylor Force Act (2018) & Linde v. Arab Bank The PA Martyrs Fund (attributed to the PA, not Hamas); the Saudi-Committee terror-finance civil litigation congress.gov (H.R.1164) archive
PCPSR — Palestinian opinion polls (Polls 96–97, 2025–26) Hamas support fell to ~24% by Aug 2026 while Oct-7 approval stayed near-majority; Gaza vs West Bank split pcpsr.org archive

Qatar record (Key Regional Actor profile)

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
US Treasury — designation of Abd al-Rahman al-Nu'aymi (SDGT, Dec 2013) The documented Qatar-based al-Qaeda financier — an individual, not the Qatari state home.treasury.gov archive
US Treasury / OFAC — Khalifa al-Subaiy designation (2008) Second marquee Qatar-based al-Qaeda financier; UN 1267-listed; convicted in Qatar 2008 ofac.treasury.gov archive
CNN — Qatari cash to Gaza with Israel's backing (2023) The ~$15M/month "suitcases of cash," hand-carried through the Israeli-controlled crossing with Netanyahu-government coordination cnn.com archive
Al Jazeera — the 13 demands of the 2017 Gulf blockade; Al-Ula reconciliation (2021) The Saudi/UAE/Egypt/Bahrain terror-financing charge and power play (shut Al Jazeera, close the Turkish base); ended with no substantive Qatari concessions aljazeera.com archive
White House — Executive Order 14353, "Assuring the Security of the State of Qatar" (29 Sept 2025) The near-treaty US security guarantee after Israel's Doha strike (⚡) en.wikipedia.org archive
US State Dept — Major Non-NATO Ally designation of Qatar (2022); Al Udeid / CENTCOM The anchor US relationship: largest Middle East airbase + MNNA status state.gov archive
US Dept of Education — Section 117 foreign-gift database (foreignfundinghighered.gov, 2025–26) Qatar the single largest foreign funder of US universities (~$7B cumulative; ~$396M→$1.2B 2024→2025) (⚡ — cite dated snapshot) foreignfundinghighered.gov archive
Drop Site News — investigation into the "300%" campus-antisemitism claim & ISGAP funding The debunking of the flagship effect-claim (source could not identify the underlying finding); accuser-provenance flags dropsitenews.com archive
HRW — Qatar male-guardianship report (2021); LGBT abuses (2022) The domestic rights ledger — guardianship, Preventive Security abuses hrw.org archive
The Guardian — "6,500 migrant workers died in Qatar since World Cup awarded" (Feb 2021, with clarification) The load-bearing precision: an all-cause 10-year migrant-population figure, NOT a World Cup construction toll theguardian.com archive
ILO — dismantling kafala; minimum wage (2020–21) The real-on-paper labor reforms, weak in enforcement ilo.org archive

Global humanitarian-crisis ranking & comparative-atrocity ethics

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Our World in Data — "War and Peace" and "Famines" The synthesis layer for the century ranking (UCDP/COW/GBD/WPF famine data side by side); OWID's 36M "most likely" Great Leap Forward figure ourworldindata.org/famines archive
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) The gold-standard direct battle-related death series (low/best/high) — the low bound for the ranking's conflict entries ucdp.uu.se archive
Correlates of War Project The academic battle-death dataset — direct military deaths, the conservative counting basis correlatesofwar.org archive
Frank Dikötter, Mao's Great Famine (2010); Yang Jisheng, Tombstone (2012) The Great Leap Forward upper (~45M) and central-archival (~36M) bounds wikipedia.org (Mao's Great Famine) archive
Anne Applebaum, Red Famine (2017); Davies & Wheatcroft, The Years of Hunger (2004) The two poles of the Holodomor toll and the genocide-classification dispute nber.org (Naumenko WP 29089) archive
USHMM & Yad Vashem — Holocaust death toll The ~6M figure (Hilberg ~5.1M to Yad Vashem/USHMM ~5.9–6M) — the century's benchmark genocide encyclopedia.ushmm.org archive
IRC — "Mortality in the DRC" (5.4M) & Human Security Report Project critique The two-sided Congo excess-death dispute — the widest contested total in the ranking rescue.org archive
Ben Kiernan — Yale Cambodian Genocide Program; HRW/Des Forges on Rwanda The Cambodia (~1.7M) and Rwanda (~500K–1.1M) toll anchors gsp.yale.edu archive
Matthew White, Necrometrics (deep pages); R.J. Rummel, Statistics of Democide The bracketing compilations — used only to bound ranges, flagged as high-leaning and non-peer-reviewed necrometrics.com/warstat1.htm archive
Paul Slovic, "The More Who Die, the Less We Care"; Eisensee & Strömberg (QJE 2007) The psychic-numbing and disaster-coverage scholarship behind the "scale, not suffering" framing note journals.plos.org (Compassion Fade) archive
Michael Rothberg, Multidirectional Memory (2009); Noor et al. on competitive victimhood (PSPR 2012) The comparative-atrocity ethics guarding against the "atrocity Olympics" trap ourworldindata.org/war-and-peace archive

Child-marriage record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
UNICEF DATA — Child marriage The global prevalence spine (~1 in 5 before 18; ~640M alive today; highest-prevalence country list) data.unicef.org archive
Girls Not Brides — Child marriage atlas (Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen country profiles) The per-country prevalence figures and legal summaries girlsnotbrides.org archive
HRW — "Iraq: New Personal Status Code Makes Women Second Class" (Oct 2025) & "Could Make 9-Year-Olds Brides" (Sep 2024) The 2025 Iraqi amendment and the precise, contested "age 9" implication hrw.org archive
Library of Congress — Global Legal Monitor, Iraq Personal Status amendment (Feb 2025) The primary-law record of what the amendment changed loc.gov archive
UN Women & UNAMA — Afghanistan morality law (Aug 2024) and PVPV implementation report (Apr 2025) The Taliban legal architecture removing the marriage-age floor unwomen.org archive
Afghanistan MICS 2022–23 (UNICEF) The ~29%-before-18 prevalence and the poverty gradient (43.6% vs 17.5%) unicef.org archive
HRW — "How Come You Allow Little Girls to Get Married?" (Yemen, 2011) & CMI, "Unfulfilled Hopes" Yemen's no-minimum-age vacuum and the failed 2009/2014 reforms hrw.org archive

Right-of-return record

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
UN General Assembly Resolution 194 (III), 11 Dec 1948 — ¶11 The founding text: return "should be permitted… and compensation… for those choosing not to return" — non-binding, conditional un.org/unispal archive
ICCPR Article 12(4) & HRC General Comment 27 The "his own country" right and the descendants/mass-return interpretive dispute ohchr.org (ICCPR) archive
Ruth Lapidoth, "Legal Aspects of the Palestinian Refugee Question"; John Quigley; BADIL The named restrictive vs. pro-return legal scholarship, presented verdict-agnostically mfa.gov.il (Lapidoth) archive
US Congressional Research Service — "UNRWA: Background and U.S. Funding" The ~5.9M-registered figure and field distribution behind the numbers section congress.gov (CRS IF12863) archive
Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations (Lausanne, 1923), Art. 1 The foundational precedent: compulsory, permanent, no-return transfer with property liquidation wikisource.org archive
Potsdam Agreement (1945), "Orderly Transfer of German Populations" (Avalon) The German-expulsion precedent: transfer "recognized," no return, absorbed and internally compensated avalon.law.yale.edu archive
Loizidou v. Turkey (ECtHR GC, 1996) & Demopoulos v. Turkey (2010) The Cyprus jurisprudence: property right survives, but remedy routed to a compensation commission, not return hudoc.echr.coe.int archive
Dayton Accords, Annex 7 (Agreement on Refugees and Displaced Persons, 1995) The strongest modern treaty guarantee of return — strong property restitution, limited sustained return osce.org archive
Clinton Parameters (23 Dec 2000), full text Return to the State of Palestine not Israel; five options; moral responsibility; compensation fund jewishvirtuallibrary.org archive
Moratinos "non-paper" on Taba (Jan 2001) The closest the parties came; the refugee frameworks and the first formal Jewish-refugee linkage en.wikipedia.org (Taba Summit) archive
Arab Peace Initiative (2002), full text The "a just solution… to be agreed upon in accordance with Resolution 194" clause — both readings al-bab.com archive
Bernard Avishai, "A Plan for Peace That Still Could Be" (NYT Magazine, 2011) The Olmert–Abbas 2008 offer, including the ~5,000-over-5-years symbolic-return figure nytimes.com archive
PSR (Khalil Shikaki) — 2003 refugee survey The ~10%-would-move-to-Israel finding (documented but contested; PSR office ransacked) pcpsr.org archive
US H.Res. 185 (110th Cong., 2007) & Israel's 2010 Knesset law The Jewish-refugee-linkage record: equal treatment of Jewish and Palestinian refugee claims congress.gov archive
German Basic Law Art. 116(2); Spain Law 12/2015 (Sephardic citizenship) The redress-asymmetry contrast: non-Arab expelling states offering descendants a route back gesetze-im-internet.de archive

Annual trackers & indices

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
ADL Audit of Antisemitic Incidents (US) Annual US antisemitic-incident counts since 1979 adl.org (2025 audit) archive
CST Antisemitic Incidents Report (UK) Annual UK incident counts cst.org.uk publications archive
RIAS (Bundesverband RIAS, Germany) Annual German antisemitic-incident monitoring report-antisemitism.de/en archive
B'nai Brith Canada Audit of Antisemitic Incidents Annual Canadian incident counts (44-year series); published via the League for Human Rights leagueforhumanrights.ca archive
ECAJ Report on Antisemitism in Australia Annual Australian incident counts (Oct–Sep reporting year) ecaj.com.au/antisemitism-report — could not be verified from our network (connection refused to automated checker); canonical ECAJ address archive
Global Slavery Index (Walk Free) Modern-slavery prevalence estimates (e.g. Mauritania) walkfree.org archive
US State Dept — Trafficking in Persons Report Country-by-country trafficking assessments state.gov archive
ILO — Forced labour & modern slavery Global forced-labour statistics co-published with Walk Free and IOM ilo.org archive
Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Human Rights Watch Conflict and human-rights reporting across the region (Israel/oPt, Sudan, Iran, Niger) hrw.org archive
Middle East Watch, A Victory Turned Sour (Sept 1991) Post-liberation Kuwait abuses against Palestinians, Iraqis, and Bedoons hrw.org report page archive
Middle East Watch, Nowhere to Go (Oct 1991) The expulsion and denied return of Kuwait's Palestinian community (~400K → tens of thousands) hrw.org PDF archive
Amnesty International Human-rights reporting, incl. Israel/OPT and comparison countries amnesty.org — Israel/OPT archive
B'Tselem Israeli human-rights organization; settlement and occupation documentation btselem.org — site live; automated check rate-limited (HTTP 429) archive
Peace Now — Settlement Watch Settlement population and construction tracking peacenow.org.il archive
Lieber Institute (West Point) — Articles of War Law-of-armed-conflict analysis (urban warfare, evacuation warnings, proportionality) lieber.westpoint.edu archive
Just Security Legal analysis of the ICJ/ICC proceedings and conduct-of-hostilities questions justsecurity.org archive

Academic scholarship

Source What it documents Link Archived copy
Benny Morris, 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War (Yale UP, 2008) Standard scholarly account of the 1948 war Yale UP archive
Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited (Cambridge UP, 2004) Causes of the 1948 refugee exodus, village by village Cambridge UP archive
Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (Vintage, 2001) Survey history of the Zionist–Arab conflict 1881–2001 Penguin Random House archive
Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World (Penguin, updated ed.) Israel's relations with the Arab world; revisionist perspective Penguin archive
Rashid Khalidi, The Hundred Years' War on Palestine (Metropolitan, 2020) Leading Palestinian scholarly narrative of the conflict Macmillan archive
Henry Kamen, The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision (Yale UP) Modern scholarly estimates of Inquisition executions and the 1492 expulsion scale Yale UP archive
Yitzhak Baer, A History of the Jews in Christian Spain (JPS/Univ. of Nebraska) Medieval Spanish Jewry through 1492 Univ. of Nebraska Press archive
Shaul Stampfer, "What Actually Happened to the Jews of Ukraine in 1648?" (Jewish History 17, 2003) Revised death-toll scholarship on the Khmelnytsky massacres (paywalled article; abstract free) Springer (DOI) archive
Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross (Princeton UP, 1994) Comparative Jewish status under medieval Islam and Christendom (dhimma system) Princeton UP archive
Steven Zipperstein, Pogrom: Kishinev and the Tilt of History (Liveright/Norton, 2018) The 1903 Kishinev pogrom and its consequences W. W. Norton archive
Paul Lovejoy, Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa (Cambridge UP, 3rd ed.) Scholarly framework for African slave-trade volumes, incl. trans-Saharan routes Cambridge UP archive
Ralph Austen, trans-Saharan slave-trade census (in The Uncommon Market, 1979, and later essays) The standard ~12M route-by-route estimate for the trans-Saharan trade Print/library reference — no canonical online copy
Broshi & Finkelstein, "The Population of Palestine in Iron Age II" (BASOR 287, 1992) Archaeological demography behind ancient-population claims (paywalled; abstract free) Univ. of Chicago Press Journals archive
Justin McCarthy, Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims (Darwin Press, 1995) Ottoman/Turkish demographic history of expulsion and displacement WorldCat record archive
Kemal Karpat, Ottoman Population 1830–1914 (Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1985) Ottoman census registration data underlying population shares Print/library reference — no canonical online copy
Anglo-American Committee / Government of Palestine, A Survey of Palestine (1946) Mandate-era official statistics for population and immigration Print/library reference — no canonical online copy (reprint: Institute for Palestine Studies)
Degomme & Guha-Sapir, "Patterns of mortality rates in Darfur conflict" (The Lancet 375, 2010) Peer-reviewed Darfur mortality estimate used for comparison (paywalled; abstract free) Elsevier (DOI) archive

Symmetry check: this registry was checked to include the load-bearing sources for claims in both directions — e.g., the Middle East Watch Kuwait reports and the Patten mission report; PCBS and Israel CBS; the ICJ order and advisory opinion and the ICC warrants alongside the Avalon charter texts (PLO 1968, Hamas 1988/2017) and Resolution 694; Khalidi and Shlaim alongside Morris and Kamen; UNRWA and OCHA casualty reporting alongside the antisemitism trackers; B'Tselem's "Parched" and Amnesty's "Troubled Waters" alongside the Israel Water Authority position and the COGAT repair record, with the World Bank sector note and the treaty texts between them.